Fire Scene Size-Up Checklist

Understand the importance of firefighter scene size-up and checklist for performing a fire scene size-up as part of WFCA’s fire preplan resources.

In structure firefighting, conducting a thorough initial size-up is critical for effective incident management. This process involves quickly assessing key elements such as the fire’s location, the building’s layout, and any potential hazards. By evaluating the scene from the moment the alarm is received, firefighters can devise a strategic plan, allocate resources efficiently, and establish a clear command structure.

Importance of Fire Scene Size-Up in Structure Firefighting

In structure firefighting, the initial scene size-up is crucial. It involves quickly assessing the fire’s location, the building’s layout, and any potential hazards. This early evaluation helps firefighters plan their actions effectively and set up a clear command structure. It not only ensures that the response runs smoothly but also protects the safety of all personnel. Ongoing training in size-up techniques is essential to keep these skills sharp and ready for any situation.¹

How to Size-Up a Fire Scene

Performing a fire scene size-up involves a detailed, ongoing evaluation of the situation from the moment the alarm is received until the fire is under control. Upon arrival, firefighters should first assess the building’s exterior, noting factors such as height, width, and visible fire or smoke, and conduct a 360-degree survey to identify hazards and access points. This includes understanding the building’s construction, occupancy, and any unusual features such as converted spaces or additional living areas. Inside, evaluate fire conditions and layout, noting the location of stairs, elevators, and escape routes. Continuous updates to the incident commander about fire conditions, resource needs, and safety concerns are crucial. After the fire is controlled, a final size-up ensures the scene is safe for civilians, with necessary measures taken to secure the building and prevent future hazards.²

Fire Scene Size-Up Checklist

Size-up begins once a call is dispatched. Using a fire scene size-up checklist involves systematically evaluating key aspects of the incident to ensure a safe and effective response. Below are the steps necessary to create a thorough and effective fire scene size-up of a structure fire:

1. Confirm the Address

Verify the exact location of the fire to ensure that all responding units are heading to the correct building.

2. Number of Floors

Assess and report the number of floors in the building. This information helps determine the scale of the response needed and how to effectively deploy resources.

3. Occupancy

Identify the type of occupancy—whether it’s a residential house, commercial building, or another type of structure. Understanding the type of occupancy helps in planning for potential hazards and required firefighting tactics.

4. Conditions Found

Evaluate and describe the current conditions at the scene, including the extent of fire involvement, smoke levels, and structural damage. This assessment guides the tactical approach and prioritization of tasks.

5. Water Supply

Check and report on the availability and location of water sources, such as hydrants.

6. Mode of Attack

Decide and communicate the mode of attack based on the fire’s conditions and building layout. This could include offensive tactics like direct fire suppression or defensive strategies if the fire is too advanced.

7. Establish Command

Appoint an incident commander to oversee operations and coordinate all responding units. Establishing clear command ensures organized efforts and effective management of the fire scene.