Wildland Fire Gear Checklist: Personal Gear, Equipment & Tools

Learn about the gear essential for wildland firefighting. From PPE to tools, this checklist covers everything you need to stay safe and effective on the fireline.

Fighting fire is one of the most physically demanding and intense jobs, especially when it comes to wildland firefighting. While firefighters are trained to handle the many hazards that come with their job, some risks are unavoidable. However, with the right gear and equipment, the chances of injury can be greatly reduced, making the role of safety gear absolutely essential.

The Importance of Proper Gear and Equipment

Wildland firefighting presents unique challenges, including extreme heat, unpredictable fire behavior, rugged terrain, and long hours of strenuous physical labor. In this environment, a firefighter’s safety gear is far more than just an accessory; it’s a critical lifeline. The specialized clothing and equipment are designed to protect against burns, heat exhaustion, smoke inhalation, and other dangers that firefighters face on the frontlines. This gear is essential not only for physical protection but also to enhance a firefighter’s ability to perform their duties effectively and safely. Without the right protection, the risk of injury and exhaustion increases significantly, and the ability to respond to dynamic fire conditions would be compromised. Proper gear ensures that firefighters can stay focused, navigate difficult terrain, and manage the fire while minimizing the physical toll the job can take on their bodies. Each piece of equipment plays a crucial role in ensuring that firefighters can face the challenges of the fireline with the highest level of safety and readiness.¹

Necessary Personal Gear

In wildland firefighting, having the right personal gear is crucial for safety and effectiveness. Underneath fire gear, clothing should avoid synthetic materials like nylon and rayon, which can melt under heat, and instead use natural fibers like cotton and wool. Outer layers made from fire-resistant materials like Nomex and Kevlar provide protection and visibility. Personal items should be minimal but include essentials such as hydration packs, communication devices, first aid supplies, and sun protection.² A red bag, which contains emergency supplies like extra clothing and food, is also essential for ensuring firefighters are prepared for unexpected situations. Keeping gear focused on these necessities ensures firefighters remain agile, safe, and prepared for the challenges on the fireline.³

PPE/Clothing Components:

• Wildland Fire Shirts: Made from fire-resistant materials like Nomex or Kevlar, these long-sleeve shirts are brightly colored for visibility, feature buttons for secure closure, and include adjustable collars and wrist cuffs for added protection.
• Fire Pants: Constructed from high-strength, fire-resistant material, these pants are designed with a loose fit, adjustable ankle fastenings, and large pockets for carrying additional gear. They are also brightly colored for better visibility.
• Overshirts and Overpants: These provide an extra layer of fire protection and warmth during colder mornings or nights. They often feature reflective stripes for high visibility and additional pockets for storing gear.
• Boots: Wildland firefighting boots are made from leather with lug soles for traction, fire-resistant stitching, and an 8–10 inch rise to support the ankles and prevent slipping during long treks.
• Gloves: Typically made of leather, these gloves protect against heat, cuts, and punctures. Some firefighters may choose specialty gloves made from lighter, more comfortable fire-resistant materials.
• Fire Helmets: Constructed from durable materials such as fiberglass, these helmets protect the head from sparks and falling debris, providing essential protection even in extreme heat.
• Goggles: To protect the eyes from smoke, ash, heat, and flying debris, wildland firefighters wear anti-fog goggles with a hard-coated outer lens for clear vision and safety.

Personal Items:

• Water and Hydration Packs: Essential for staying hydrated and maintaining energy throughout long shifts.
• Sun Protection: Sunscreen, lip balm, and other items to protect against prolonged sun exposure.
• Sleeping Bag and Compression Sack: Used for overnight assignments to stay warm, with a compression sack to save space in the pack.
• Inflatable Sleeping Pad: Provides comfort and support for sleeping in the engine or outdoors, lightweight and portable enough to fit in a red bag.

Equipment for Your Firefighting Gear Checklist

In wildland firefighting, having the right gear and technology is crucial for maintaining safety, improving response times, and making better decisions on the fireline. From communication devices to emergency shelters, these tools help firefighters navigate difficult terrain, stay protected, and work efficiently. Technology plays a key role in providing real-time updates and enhancing safety, while the right equipment helps firefighters stay prepared for any challenges they encounter.² Here are some of the key tools and technologies that make a difference in wildland firefighting:

• Headlamp: Critical for visibility during nighttime operations or in low-light conditions.
• Communication Devices: Radios or other tools to maintain contact with team members and incident command.
• Fire Shelter: A portable emergency shelter designed to protect firefighters in extreme situations when escape is not possible.
• High-Visibility Flagging: Bright flags used to mark important areas, hazards, or safe paths to help firefighters move through rough terrain, especially when visibility is poor.
• Radio and Communication Devices: Devices that help firefighters stay in contact with each other, their team, and incident command to make sure everyone is on the same page and respond quickly to changing situations.
• Compass: A tool to help firefighters stay on track and navigate in unfamiliar areas when GPS may not be available.
• First Aid Kit: A basic kit for treating minor injuries while on the fireline.

Tools to Fight Wildfires

Fighting wildfires requires the right tools to manage the fire, clear obstacles, and stay safe in tough conditions. Every tool has a specific purpose, whether it’s used to dig firelines, cut through trees, or handle water to control the fire. Wildland firefighters rely on these tools to do their jobs effectively and safely.⁴

Hand Tools:

• Pulaski: A tool that combines an axe and a hoe, perfect for chopping wood and digging firelines.
• McLeod: A rake and hoe in one, used for clearing brush and digging.
• Shovels: Used to dig trenches and firebreaks to stop the fire from spreading.
• Combi Tool: A multi-use tool that combines an axe, hoe, and rake, great for working in tight spaces.

Cutting Tools:

• Chainsaws: Used to quickly cut through trees and large brush to clear the area and stop the fire from spreading.
• Axes/Hatchets: Used for chopping wood, clearing brush, and cutting through trees.

Water Handling Tools:

• Backpack Pumps: A portable pump worn on the back to spray water or foam directly on the fire.
• Drip Torches: A tool used to start controlled burns, which help create firelines by burning off vegetation in a safe, controlled way.

Scraping and Raking Tools:

• Fire Rakes: Used to rake and clear debris and brush to slow the fire’s spread.
• Adze Hoes: A tool used to dig trenches and remove vegetation to create firebreaks.

Tips for Maintaining and Inspecting Gear

Maintaining and inspecting your gear regularly is key to making sure it stays in good condition and provides the protection you need on the fireline. Start by performing regular checks for signs of wear, loose stitching, or any damage to closures, zippers, and reflective materials. If you spot any issues, address them immediately and do not use the gear if it is damaged, as it could pose a risk when you’re on scene. Proper storage is also important—store your gear in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources to avoid damaging the materials. Use gear bags or storage containers designed specifically for firefighter equipment for added protection. Minimize exposure to hazardous materials like chemicals and fuels, as they can degrade your gear. Clean it promptly if contact occurs. Lastly, always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and maintenance to make sure your gear performs well and lasts longer.⁵